2013/11/29

[OpenVPN GUI] Server及Client設定

OpenVPN GUI是一套簡單好操作的設定軟體,來讓電腦可以透過虛擬的VPN網域來上網。對於常出差的朋友們來說,能夠利用VPN來上一些被擋掉的網站,也是挺方便的!

OpenVPN的下載網址
注意下載的時候要注意電腦是32位元還是64位元的系統,如果是64位元建議到以下網站下載
http://openvpn.se/download.html
另一個下載地址
http://openvpn.net/

原因是因為一開始架設的時候採用http://openvpn.net/下載的檔案,在32位元的電腦上架client沒有問題,但是64位元的server端一直架不起來,發現Error訊息如下


Wed Nov 27 19:03:25 2013 CreateFile failed on TAP device: \\.\Global\{498541F0-8CBD-4231-8F00-F9F4F2152179}.tap
Wed Nov 27 19:03:25 2013 All TAP-Win32 adapters on this system are currently in use.
Wed Nov 27 19:03:25 2013 Exiting

會發現OpenVPN建立的虛擬網卡TAP device架不起來,Google一下才知道是位元版本有問題,因此64位元的作業系統請按這裡下載,避免OpenVPN架設失敗。



下載完VPN版本openvpn-2.0.9-gui-1.0.3-install.exe之後解壓縮,然後安裝。
安裝的過程中會有一些安裝的警告,就勇敢的繼續安裝就對了。

然後安裝完後,在OpenVPN的資料夾應該會像底下所示

進入easy-ras資料夾,要產生能夠當作server/client認證的rsa keys的憑證。

首先,先編輯vars.bat.sample檔案,建議用notepad++或UltraEdit等會偵測換行的文字編輯器編輯,不然用記事本編輯較為不方便。
修改var.bat.sample中的以下幾項

注意資料夾路徑,因為筆者是另外在D:\easy-rsa產生,所以HOME路徑就要設定為HOME=D:\easy-rsa

set HOME=%ProgramFiles%\OpenVPN\easy-rsa

選擇產生亂數檔的長度,可以用1024bits或者2048bits。

KEY_SIZE=1024

接著設定憑證的資料

set KEY_COUNTRY=TW
set KEY_PROVINCE=TW
set KEY_CITY=TWcity
set KEY_ORG=Home
set KEY_EMAIL=Test@mail.com.tw

完成後儲存檔案。

接著,按"開始"→搜尋程式與檔案打"cmd"→執行cmd.exe

然後利用cd /d "easy-rsa路徑"的指令移動到easy-rsa的資料夾下,預設路徑應該是

cd /d C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\easy-rsa


接著執行

md keys
產生存放keys憑證的資料夾

執行init-config.bat批次檔,執行成功應該可以看到兩個檔案被複製了。

接著執行vars.bat,然後再執行clean-all.bat檔,成功的話會看到兩個檔案被複製。

然後執行build-dh.bat來產生亂數檔。
產生完成應該會像上圖。

再來,執行build-ca.bat來產生憑證檔案。

然後執行build-key-server.bat server來產生server憑證檔,注意接在後面的「 server」前面要空格,但名稱可以任意更換。
輸入欄位可以直接打Enter,用剛剛的預設就好。

再來執行build-key.bat client,一樣在「 client」前面要空格,但名稱也可以任意更換;只是要注意如果要再產生其他組keys,名稱不要命名相同就好。

====Server 端設定====
產生完憑證之後,把ca.crt, ca.key, dh1024.pem, server.crt, server.key複製到C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config資料夾下
然後把C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\sample-config資料夾下的server.ovpn也複製到C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config資料夾下,打開編輯
server.ovpn

#################################################
# Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for            #
# multi-client server.                          #
#                                               #
# This file is for the server side              #
# of a many-clients <-> one-server              #
# OpenVPN configuration.                        #
#                                               #
# OpenVPN also supports                         #
# single-machine <-> single-machine             #
# configurations (See the Examples page         #
# on the web site for more info).               #
#                                               #
# This config should work on Windows            #
# or Linux/BSD systems.  Remember on            #
# Windows to quote pathnames and use            #
# double backslashes, e.g.:                     #
# "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" #
#                                               #
# Comments are preceded with '#' or ';'         #
#################################################

# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
# listen on? (optional)
;local a.b.c.d
local 192.168.1.109

# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
# on the same machine, use a different port
# number for each one.  You will need to
# open up this port on your firewall.
port 1194

# TCP or UDP server?
;proto tcp
proto udp

# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
# If you want to control access policies
# over the VPN, you must create firewall
# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
# On non-Windows systems, you can give
# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
dev tun

# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel if you
# have more than one.  On XP SP2 or higher,
# you may need to selectively disable the
# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
;dev-node MyTap

# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
# (cert), and private key (key).  Each client
# and the server must have their own cert and
# key file.  The server and all clients will
# use the same ca file.
#
# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
# and private keys.  Remember to use
# a unique Common Name for the server
# and each of the client certificates.
#
# Any X509 key management system can be used.
# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key  # This file should be kept secret

# Diffie hellman parameters.
# Generate your own with:
#   openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024
# Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using
# 2048 bit keys.
dh dh1024.pem

# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
# the rest will be made available to clients.
# Each client will be able to reach the server
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
; server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
server 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0

# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
# associations in this file.  If OpenVPN goes down or
# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
# previously assigned.
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt

# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
# NIC interface.  Then you must manually set the
# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0.  Finally we
# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
# to connecting clients.  Leave this line commented
# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100

# Push routes to the client to allow it
# to reach other private subnets behind
# the server.  Remember that these
# private subnets will also need
# to know to route the OpenVPN client
# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
# back to the OpenVPN server.
;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"
push "route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0"

# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
# clients or if a connecting client has a private
# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
# configuration files (see man page for more info).

# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
# First, uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
#   iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
# access the VPN.  This example will only work
# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.

# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
# First uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
#   ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2

# Suppose that you want to enable different
# firewall access policies for different groups
# of clients.  There are two methods:
# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
#     group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
#     for each group/daemon appropriately.
# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
#     modify the firewall in response to access
#     from different clients.  See man
#     page for more info on learn-address script.
;learn-address ./script

# If enabled, this directive will configure
# all clients to redirect their default
# network gateway through the VPN, causing
# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
# the TUN/TAP interface to the internet in
# order for this to work properly).
# CAVEAT: May break client's network config if
# client's local DHCP server packets get routed
# through the tunnel.  Solution: make sure
# client's local DHCP server is reachable via
# a more specific route than the default route
# of 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0.
;push "redirect-gateway"

# Certain Windows-specific network settings
# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
# or WINS server addresses.  CAVEAT:
# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
;push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
;push "dhcp-option WINS 10.8.0.1"

# Uncomment this directive to allow different
# clients to be able to "see" each other.
# By default, clients will only see the server.
# To force clients to only see the server, you
# will also need to appropriately firewall the
# server's TUN/TAP interface.
;client-to-client
client-to-client

# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
# might connect with the same certificate/key
# files or common names.  This is recommended
# only for testing purposes.  For production use,
# each client should have its own certificate/key
# pair.
#
# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
duplicate-cn

# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
# messages to be sent back and forth over
# the link so that each side knows when
# the other side has gone down.
# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
# peer is down if no ping received during
# a 120 second time period.
keepalive 10 120

# For extra security beyond that provided
# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
#
# Generate with:
#   openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
#
# The server and each client must have
# a copy of this key.
# The second parameter should be '0'
# on the server and '1' on the clients.
;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret

# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# This config item must be copied to
# the client config file as well.
;cipher BF-CBC        # Blowfish (default)
;cipher AES-128-CBC   # AES
;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC  # Triple-DES

# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# If you enable it here, you must also
# enable it in the client config file.
comp-lzo

# The maximum number of concurrently connected
# clients we want to allow.
;max-clients 100

# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
# daemon's privileges after initialization.
#
# You can uncomment this out on
# non-Windows systems.
;user nobody
;group nobody

# The persist options will try to avoid
# accessing certain resources on restart
# that may no longer be accessible because
# of the privilege downgrade.
persist-key
persist-tun

# Output a short status file showing
# current connections, truncated
# and rewritten every minute.
status openvpn-status.log

# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
# Use log or log-append to override this default.
# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
# while "log-append" will append to it.  Use one
# or the other (but not both).
;log         openvpn.log
;log-append  openvpn.log

# Set the appropriate level of log
# file verbosity.
#
# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
# 4 is reasonable for general usage
# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
# 9 is extremely verbose
verb 3

# Silence repeating messages.  At most 20
# sequential messages of the same message
# category will be output to the log.
;mute 20

※注意local的部分要是你電腦IP的對外位址,就是電信業者發給的固定IP。
※dh dh1024.pem根據是用1024bits or 2048bits來更改pem檔名稱。
※push "route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0"為VPN所要建立的網域。
※client-to-client設定

最後開啟OpenVPN→Connect
就可以看到成功架設VPN server在電腦端上了。
開啟網路和共用中心,也會發現多了一張網卡

網域就是剛剛設定的192.168.2.0網域。

====Client 端設定====
架設完server之後,再來就是client的設定。把ca.crt, client.crt, client.key複製到另外一台電腦的C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config資料夾下
然後也把C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\sample-config底下的client.ovpn複製到C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config資料夾下。然後設定client.ovpn檔案
client.ovpn

##############################################
# Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file #
# for connecting to multi-client server.     #
#                                            #
# This configuration can be used by multiple #
# clients, however each client should have   #
# its own cert and key files.                #
#                                            #
# On Windows, you might want to rename this  #
# file so it has a .ovpn extension           #
##############################################

# Specify that we are a client and that we
# will be pulling certain config file directives
# from the server.
client

# Use the same setting as you are using on
# the server.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
dev tun

# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel
# if you have more than one.  On XP SP2,
# you may need to disable the firewall
# for the TAP adapter.
;dev-node MyTap

# Are we connecting to a TCP or
# UDP server?  Use the same setting as
# on the server.
;proto tcp
proto udp

# The hostname/IP and port of the server.
# You can have multiple remote entries
# to load balance between the servers.
remote 192.168.1.109 1194
;remote my-server-2 1194

# Choose a random host from the remote
# list for load-balancing.  Otherwise
# try hosts in the order specified.
;remote-random

# Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the
# host name of the OpenVPN server.  Very useful
# on machines which are not permanently connected
# to the internet such as laptops.
resolv-retry infinite

# Most clients don't need to bind to
# a specific local port number.
nobind

# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
;user nobody
;group nobody

# Try to preserve some state across restarts.
persist-key
persist-tun

# If you are connecting through an
# HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN
# server, put the proxy server/IP and
# port number here.  See the man page
# if your proxy server requires
# authentication.
;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures
;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #]

# Wireless networks often produce a lot
# of duplicate packets.  Set this flag
# to silence duplicate packet warnings.
;mute-replay-warnings

# SSL/TLS parms.
# See the server config file for more
# description.  It's best to use
# a separate .crt/.key file pair
# for each client.  A single ca
# file can be used for all clients.
ca ca.crt
cert client.crt
key client.key

# Verify server certificate by checking
# that the certicate has the nsCertType
# field set to "server".  This is an
# important precaution to protect against
# a potential attack discussed here:
#  http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm
#
# To use this feature, you will need to generate
# your server certificates with the nsCertType
# field set to "server".  The build-key-server
# script in the easy-rsa folder will do this.
;ns-cert-type server

# If a tls-auth key is used on the server
# then every client must also have the key.
;tls-auth ta.key 1

# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# If the cipher option is used on the server
# then you must also specify it here.
;cipher x

# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# Don't enable this unless it is also
# enabled in the server config file.
comp-lzo

# Set log file verbosity.
verb 3

# Silence repeating messages
;mute 20


※remote 192.168.1.109設定VPN server的IP或者DNS。
※cert client.crt, key client.key名稱記得改成自己修改的名稱。

最後開啟OpenVPN→Connect
就可以看到client端順利地執行囉。

所有連線到VPN server的網路IP都在192.168.2.0的網域下。

大功告成,這樣應該就可以順利地上網囉。

******2016/12/29更新******

關於強迫OpenVPN Client端一定要走OpenVPN Server連線的方式設定
要在Server端的server.ovpn加入
push "redirect-gateway autolocal"
push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.2.1"
push "dhcp-option WINS 192.168.2.1"
這樣一來Server端會強迫Client端優先使用OpenVPN提供的DNS server,所有連線default就會走OpenVPN的連線了

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